which

Description

La commande which est une commande assez classique des systèmes Unix. Elle permet de retrouver l’emplacement d’un exécutable. Elle ne sert donc que dans des cas spécifique mais il est important de connaître cette commande.

Exemple

root@solaris:~# which prtdiag
/usr/sbin/prtdiag
axel@solaris:~$ which df
/usr/gnu/bin/df

Man solaris de la commande which

User Commands                                            WHICH(1)

NAME
 which - shows the full path of (shell) commands.

SYNOPSIS
 which [options] [--] programname [...]

DESCRIPTION
 Which takes one or more arguments. For each of its arguments
 it prints to stdout the full path of the executables that
 would have been executed when this argument had been entered
 at the shell prompt. It does this by searching for an exe-
 cutable or script in the directories listed in the environ-
 ment variable PATH using the same algorithm as bash(1).

 This man page is generated from the file which.texinfo.

OPTIONS
 --all, -a
 Print all matching executables in PATH, not just the
 first.

 --read-alias, -i
 Read aliases from stdin, reporting matching ones on
 stdout. This is useful in combination with using an
 alias for which itself. For example
 alias which='alias | which -i'.

 --skip-alias
 Ignore option `--read-alias', if any. This is useful to
 explicity search for normal binaries, while using the
 `--read-alias' option in an alias or function for which.

 --read-functions
 Read shell function definitions from stdin, reporting
 matching ones on stdout. This is useful in combination
 with using a shell function for which itself.  For exam-
 ple:
 which() { declare -f | which --read-functions $@ }
 export -f which

 --skip-functions
 Ignore option `--read-functions', if any. This is useful
 to explicity search for normal binaries, while using the
 `--read-functions' option in an alias or function for
 which.

 --skip-dot
 Skip directories in PATH that start with a dot.

 --skip-tilde
 Skip directories in PATH that start with a tilde and
 executables which reside in the HOME directory.

SunOS 5.10                Last change:                          1

User Commands                                            WHICH(1)

 --show-dot
 If a directory in PATH starts with a dot and a matching
 executable was found for that path, then print "./pro-
 gramname" rather than the full path.

 --show-tilde
 Output a tilde when a directory matches the HOME direc-
 tory. This option is ignored when which is invoked as
 root.

 --tty-only
 Stop processing options on the right if not on tty.

 --version,-v,-V
 Print version information on standard output then exit
 successfully.

 --help
 Print usage information on standard output then exit
 successfully.

RETURN VALUE
 Which returns the number of failed arguments, or -1 when no
 `programname' was given.

EXAMPLE
 The recommended way to use this utility is by adding an
 alias (C shell) or shell function (Bourne shell) for which
 like the following:

 [ba]sh:

 which ()
 {
 (alias; declare -f) | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --read-functions --show-tilde --show-dot $@
 }
 export -f which

 [t]csh:

 alias which 'alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'

 This will print the readable ~/ and ./ when  starting  which
 from  your  prompt,  while still printing the full path when
 used from a script:

 > which q2
 ~/bin/q2
 > echo `which q2`
 /home/carlo/bin/q2

SunOS 5.10                Last change:                          2

User Commands                                            WHICH(1)

BUGS
 The HOME directory is determined by  looking  for  the  HOME
 environment   variable,  which  aborts  when  this  variable
 doesn't exist.  Which will consider  two  equivalent  direc-
 tories to be different when one of them contains a path with
 a symbolic link.

AUTHOR
 Carlo Wood <carlo@gnu.org>

SEE ALSO
 bash(1)

ATTRIBUTES
 See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
 butes:

 _______________________________________
 |   ATTRIBUTE TYPE   |  ATTRIBUTE VALUE|
 |____________________|_________________|
 | Availability       |  shell/which    |
 |____________________|_________________|
 | Interface Stability|  Uncommitted    |
 |____________________|_________________|

NOTES
 Source for GNU which is available on http://opensolaris.org.

SunOS 5.10                Last change:                          3

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